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Processing Spanish ser and estar: Discourse and Gender-Based Differences

Background: Spanish copulas ser and estar (translated as English “be”) have distinct distributional patterns [1,2,3,4,5]. Locative predicates typically appear with estar, while nominal predicates typically appear with ser. Adjectival predicates sometimes, but not always, may combine with either copula, and this gives rise to differing interpretations. Crucially for our purposes, individuallevel...

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Estimation of Forest Biomass from Estar Image Data

Image data from L-band airborne radiometer measurements over conifer forest stands in southern Virginia USA have shown a strong sensitivity to biomass and a weaker sensitivity to soil moisture. The data, was obtained by the horizontally polarized synthetic aperture radiometer, ESTAR, deployed aboard a NASA P3 aircraft. The data was acquired in July, August and November of 1999. The imaged regio...

ESTAR measurements during the Southern Great Plains experiment (SGP99)

During the Southern Great Plains experiment, the synthetic aperture radiometer, ESTAR, mapped L-band brightness temperature over a swath about 50 km wide and about 300 km long extending west from Oklahoma City to El Reno and north from the Little Washita River watershed to the Kansas border. ESTAR flew on the NASA P-3B Orion aircraft at an altitude of 7.6 km and maps were made on 7 days between...

“Ser” and “Estar”: Individual/Stage level predicates or aspect?

The distribution of copular verbs in Spanish is one of the most researched topics in Spanish linguistics: from traditional grammarians to contemporary linguists, many have attempted to capture a very complex and puzzling distribution. As is well-known, Spanish has two main copular verbs, ser and estar, that overlap in a number of contexts. As a first approximation ser combines with predicates t...